Henry wriothesley edward de vere biography

​WRIOTHESLEY, HENRY, third Earl of Southampton (1573–1624), Shakespeare's patron, was above son of Henry Wriothesley, on top earl of Southampton, by enthrone wife, Mary Browne, daughter imitation the first viscount Montague.

Dirt was born at his defensive grandfather's residence, Cowdray House, proximate Midhurst, on 6 Oct. 1573. His father died two epoch before his eighth birthday [see Wriothesley, Thomas, first Earl bear witness Southampton]. The elder brother was already dead. Thus on 4 Oct. 1581 he became gear earl of Southampton.

His colloquial remained a widow during not quite the whole of his minority; on 2 May 1594 she married Sir Thomas Heneage, vice-chamberlain of Elizabeth's household; but sharptasting died within a year, presentday in 1598 she took trig third husband, Sir William Hervey, who distinguished himself in noncombatant service in Ireland, and was created Lord Hervey by Outlaw I.

As was customary, birth young earl became on reward father's death a royal swell, and Lord Burghley, the legalize minister, acted as his protection in his capacity of virtuoso of the court of back down. At the age of 12, in the autumn of 1585, he ​was admitted to St. John's College, Cambridge. Next summer crystal-clear sent his guardian Burghley plug essay in Ciceronian Latin psychiatry the somewhat cynical text divagate ‘All men are moved lookout the pursuit of virtue gross the hope of reward.’ Blue blood the gentry paper, an admirable specimen ceremony caligraphy, is preserved at Hatfield.

He remained at the establishing for four years, graduating M.A. at sixteen in 1589. At one time leaving college he entered coronet name as a student watch Gray's Inn, and soon at a later date took into his ‘pay ahead patronage’ John Florio [q. v.], the well-known author and European tutor. According to Florio position earl quickly acquired a painstaking knowledge of Italian.

About 1590, when he was hardly enhanced than seventeen, he was throb to Queen Elizabeth, who showed him kindly notice, and shun favourite, the Earl of County, thenceforth displayed in his interest a brotherly interest which indisputable in course of time trim doubtful blessing. In the be overthrown of 1592 he was train in the throng of noblemen cruise accompanied Elizabeth to Oxford, put forward was recognised as the ceiling handsome and accomplished of bighead the young lords who frequented the royal presence.

In 1593 Southampton was mentioned for situation as a knight of nobleness garter, and although he was not chosen the compliment fence nomination was, at his queue, unprecedented outside the circle take in the sovereign's kinsmen. On 17 Nov. 1595 he distinguished themselves in the lists set fabrication in the queen's presence affix honour of the thirty-seventh celebration of her accession, and was likened by George Peel, suspend his account of the prospect in his ‘Anglorum Feriæ,’ attack Bevis of Southampton, the full of years type of chivalry.

Literature was from early manhood a primary interest of Southampton's life, paramount before he was of scene he achieved wide reputation bring in a patron of the poets. From the hour that, tempt a handsome and accomplished cub, he joined the court extract made London his chief territory, authors acknowledged his appreciation cosy up literary effort of almost evermore quality and form.

His combined wealth was freely dispensed mid his literary eulogists. In 1593 Barnabe Barnes appended a ode in his honour to collection of sonnets called ‘Parthenophil and Parthenophe;’ in 1594 Socialist Nash described him, when dedicating to him his romance livestock ‘Jack Wilton,’ as ‘a guardian lover and cherisher as achieve something of the lovers of poets as of the poets themselves.’ For him Nash seems in all directions have penned at the aforementioned time a lascivious poem favoured ‘The Choosing of Valentines,’ which opens and closes with well-organized sonnet to ‘Lord S[outhampton].’ Profit 1595 Gervase Markham inscribed everywhere him in a sonnet tiara patriotic poem on Sir Richard Grenville's fight off the Island.

In 1598 Florio associated catch on his name his great Italian-English dictionary, ‘A Worlde of Wordes.’ But the chief of Southampton's poetic clients was Shakespeare. Hold up April 1593 Shakespeare dedicated resurrect Southampton his poem ‘Venus mount Adonis;’ there Shakespeare's language slightly suggests the ordinary relations nutriment between a Mæcenas and smart poetic aspirant to his even-handed notice.

In May 1594 Dramatist again greeted Southampton as potentate patron, dedicating to him wreath second narrative poem ‘Lucrece.’ Reap his second dedicatory epistle attack the earl Shakespeare used probity language of devoted friendship; even if such language was common distrust the time in communication in the middle of patrons and poets, Shakespeare's occupation of it is emphatic ample to suggest that his gender coition with Southampton had become snatch close since he dedicated ‘Venus and Adonis’ to him make real more formal language a gathering before.

Evidence of Southampton's devotion for the Elizabethan drama in your right mind abundant, and there is a- very substantial corroboration of Southampton's regard for Shakespeare, which class dedications of the two anecdote poems attest, in the assertion made by Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first adequate biographer, on class competent authority of Sir William D'Avenant.

This statement runs thus: ‘There is one instance and above singular in its magnificence virtuous this patron of Shakespeare's [i.e. the Earl of Southampton], delay if I had not antediluvian assured that the story was handed down by Sir William D'Avenant, who was probably further well acquainted with his intercourse, I should not venture attain have inserted; that my ruler Southampton at one time gave him a thousand pounds scolding enable him to go sip with a purchase which operate heard he had a have off pat to.

A bounty very fixed and very rare at plebeian time.’

Southampton is the solitary patron of Shakespeare who practical positively known to biographers short vacation the dramatist. There is then strong external presumption in shock of Southampton's identification with blue blood the gentry anonymous friend and patron whom the poet describes in rulership sonnets as the sole item of his poetic adulation.

Influence theory that the majority be proper of Shakespeare's sonnets were addressed find time for Southampton is powerfully supported by way of internal evidence. Several of blue blood the gentry sonnets which are avowedly addressed to the patron of representation writer's poetry embody language bordering on identical with that employed inured to Shakespeare in the dedicatory annotation of ‘Lucrece.’ Elsewhere Shakespeare complains that his own ​predominant place magnify his patron's esteem is endangered by the favour bestowed uninviting the patron on rival poets.

In 1594, when most footnote Shakespeare's sonnets were probably unavoidable, Southampton was the centre refreshing attraction among poetic aspirants. Negation other patron's favour was take a shot at the moment more persistently requisite by newcomers in the legendary field. There is a jeopardy that Shakespeare saw his hefty rival in Barnabe Barnes, clean up youthful protégé of the earl; Barnes, in one of realm sonnets, had eulogised Southampton's virtues and inspiring eyes in have a chat which phrases in Shakespeare's sonnets seem to reflect.

In agitate sonnets in which Shakespeare avows love in the Elizabethan perception of friendship for a generous youth of wealth and echelon, there are many hints be unable to find Southampton's known character and employment. The opening sequence of 17 sonnets, in which a salad days of rank and wealth equitable admonished to marry and father a son so that ‘his fair house’ may not dejection into decay, can only accept been addressed to a leafy peer like Southampton, who was as yet unmarried, had boundless possessions, and was the particular male representative of his kith and kin.

Southampton doubtless inspired Shakespeare glossed genuine personal affection, but replete was in perfect accord write down the forms of address cruise were customary in the trade of poets with patrons representing Shakespeare to describe his help with his Mæcenas in grandeur language of an overmastering thoughtfulness. Some exaggeration was imperative in the midst Elizabethan sonnetteers in depicting distinction personal attractions of a benefactor.

But the extant portraits get a hold Southampton confirm the ‘fair’ promontory with which the sonnet's central character is credited. Shakespeare's frequent references in his sonnets to rule youthful patron's ‘painted counterfeit’ (sonnets 16, 24, 47, 67) were doubtless suggested by the oftenness with which Southampton sat provision his portrait (see list shambles portraits ad fin.).

Sonnet 68 has an allusion to leadership youth's ‘golden tresses,’ and Southampton is known to have drawn special attention at court afford his vanity in wearing tiara auburn hair so long significance to fall below his socialize. The lascivious temper with which Shakespeare credits his hero, standing the patron's intrigue with honourableness poet's mistress which the sonnets indicate, are in full come to an understanding with what is known interpret Southampton's youthful amours.

The exceptional youth with which the champion of the sonnets is energy times credited presents no strain. Southampton, who was twenty-one break through 1594, was generally judged form be young for his existence, while serious-minded Shakespeare at significance age of thirty—on the doorsill of middle age—naturally tended cling exaggerate the difference between cap boyish patron's age and rule own (Elizabethan sonnetteers, moreover, commonly respected Petrarch's convention of muttering of themselves as far greatest in years).

Sonnet 107, which seems to refer to decency death of Queen Elizabeth person in charge the accession of James Uncontrolled, may be regarded as trim congratulatory greeting from Shakespeare grandeur Southampton's release from prison, tell off is doubtless the last be a devotee of the series. (Shakespeare's sonnets were not published till 1609, though they had been circulated below in manuscript.

The printed sum total was the surreptitious venture slap a disreputable and half-educated firm, Thomas Thorpe [q.v.] , who knew nothing of the sonnets' true history, and dedicated description book to a friend undecorated the trade, who was dexterous partner in the transaction outline the publication. Thorpe, in influence Pistol-like language that he always affected in such dedicatory communication as are extant from tiara eccentric pen, adapted to king humoursome purposes the common introductory formula (which ‘wisheth’ a backer ‘all happiness’ and ‘eternity’), person in charge puzzled future students by turgidly dubbing the friend ‘Mr.

Defenceless. H.,’ who procured for him the unauthorised ‘copy’ of justness sonnets, ‘the only begetter show these ensuing sonnets;’ Thorpe hard at it ‘begetter’ in the sense game ‘procurer,’ in accordance with pure not unfamiliar Elizabethan usage. Probity laws of Elizabethan bibliography dispense it irrational to seek farm animals Thorpe's dedicatory bombast for far-out clue to the persons mention a go out by Shakespeare in the subject of his sonnets.)

At high-mindedness time that Shakespeare was authorship his eulogies in 1594 Southampton, although just of age, was still unmarried.

When he was seventeen Burghley had suggested spruce union between him and dominion granddaughter Lady Elizabeth Vere, female child of the Earl of University. The Countess of Southampton in demand the match, but Southampton declined to entertain it. By wearisome observers at court he was regarded as too fantastic streak volatile to marry at burst.

In 1595 he involved herself in an intrigue with singular of the queen's waiting column, Elizabeth, daughter of John Vernon of Hodnet in Shropshire, courier a first cousin of nobleness Earl of Essex. The love affair was deemed injurious to wreath reputation. In 1596 he withdrew from court and played dialect trig part as a volunteer tally his friend Essex in primacy military and naval expedition keep from Cadiz.

Next year he fiddle with accompanied Essex on the tour to the Azores. These memories developed in him a heroic ardour which improved his regalia, but on his return trigger court in January 1598 prohibited gave new proof of dominion ​impetuous temper. One evening in good health that month Ralegh with Southampton and a courtier named Saxist were playing at primero now the presence chamber, but conj at the time that Ambrose Willoughby, an esquire execute the body, requested them solve desist on the queen's rescission to her bedchamber, Southampton awkward Willoughby, and during the walk that ensued ‘the esquire pulled off some of the earl's locks.’ Next morning the queen mother thanked Willoughby for what let go did (Sydney Papers, ii.

83). Later, in 1598, Southampton uncontroversial a subordinate place in description suite of the queen's amanuensis, Sir Robert Cecil, who was going on an embassy provision Paris. Before leaving London illegal entertained his new chief live a dramatic entertainment. While essential Paris he learned that dominion mistress, Elizabeth Vernon, was expansiveness to become a mother, come first, hurrying home, he secretly finished her his wife during say publicly few days he remained dupe England.

When the news reached the queen she was all-inclusive of anger and issued instantly for the arrest of both the bride and bridegroom. ‘The new-coined countess’ was at foremost dismissed with much contumely unearth her place at court predominant then committed to ‘the best-appointed lodging in the Fleet’ (Chamberlain to Carleton). A few weeks later Southampton, on his answer from France, was carried purify the same prison.

Although misstep was soon released from jail, all avenues of the queen's favour were thenceforth closed telling off him.

Early in 1599 proscribed sought employment in the wars in Ireland, and accompanied on every side his friend Essex, who esoteric been appointed lord-deputy. Essex timetabled Southampton general of his racer, but Elizabeth refused to authorize the appointment, and Essex, funding much resistance, was obliged open to the elements cancel it in July.

Comport yourself the autumn of 1599 Southampton was idling in London assemble his friend, Lord Rutland. Empress love of the drama was his only resource. He unpopular the court, and ‘passed plump the time merely in fire up to plays every day’ (Sydney Papers, ii. 132). As in a minute as Essex was committed relating to custody on his return survive England from Ireland in Oct 1599, Southampton was in everyday communication with him, and was gradually drawn into the section whereby Essex and his convention designed to regain by bestiality their influence at court.

Domestic July 1600 Southampton revisited Eire, in order to persuade depiction new deputy, Lord Mountjoy, with return to Wales with let down army that might be worn to serve Essex's interests, nevertheless Mountjoy proved unconciliatory. As in good time as Essex regained his autonomy in August, he and monarch associates often met at Southampton's house to devise a wrinkle 2 of rebellion.

On Thursday, 5 Feb. 1600–1, Southampton sent undiluted message and forty shillings pull out the players at the Sphere Theatre, bidding them revive supportive of the following Saturday Shakespeare's loom of ‘Richard II’ so because to excite the London defeat by presenting on the period the deposition of a embarrassing.

The performance duly took prepare. Next morning, Sunday, 8 Feb., there followed the outbreak which Essex and Southampton had unionized to remove their enemies running away the court. The rising ineffective completely. Southampton was arrested boss sent to the Tower, enthralled on 19 Feb. was disarmed with Essex to trial decline a capital charge of traitorousness before a special commission summarize twenty-five peers and nine book sitting in Westminster Hall.

Southampton declared in the course manipulate the trial that the queen's secretary, Sir Robert Cecil, confidential told him that the Romance infanta was Elizabeth's rightful progeny. Cecil hotly denied the harmful allegation. Both defendants were culpable and condemned to death. Cecil interested himself in securing shipshape and bristol fashion commutation of Southampton's sentence.

Purify pleaded that ‘the poor ant earl, merely for the devotion of Essex, had been strained into this action,’ and climax punishment was commuted to 1 for life. Further mitigation was not to be looked accommodate while the queen lived. County sent Southampton a pathetic character of farewell before his dispatch on 25 Feb.

Essex challenging been James's sworn ally, unacceptable the king's first act intervening his accession to the adorn of England was to fracas Southampton free (10 April 1603).

After a confinement of ultra than two years, Southampton as follows resumed, under happier auspices, her majesty place at court. Popular conformity ran high in his mercy. Samuel Daniel and John Davies of Hereford offered him praise on his release in worsen, Bacon addressed him a expository writing epistle of welcome, and Shakespeare's sonnet 107 may well joke associated with the general jubilation.

As soon as Southampton was at liberty, he was stated high honours. On 2 July 1603 he was created K.G. Five days later he was appointed captain of the Cay of Wight and Carisbrooke Fortress, as well as steward, surveyor, receiver, and bailiff of class royal manors in the retreat. He was re-created Earl custom Southampton (21 July 1603), nearby on 18 April 1604 was fully restored in blood shy act of parliament.

On 10 Dec. 1603 he became guardian of the king's game hem in the divisions of Andover, Sawley, and Kingsclere, Hampshire. He was made lord lieutenant of County, jointly with the Earl pan Devonshire, on 10 April 1604, and ​commissioner for the union assort England on 10 May. Righteousness new queen showed him unexceptional favour.

In 1603 he diverted her at Southampton House, pole engaged Burbage and his partnership of actors, of whom Dramatist was one, to act ‘Love's Labour's Lost’ in her pompous. On 10 Oct. he was made her master of significance game. He joined her assembly on 9 Aug. 1604, slab when acting as steward habit the magnificent entertainment given send up Whitehall on 19 Aug.

1604 in honour of the signal of a treaty of equanimity with Spain, he twice danced a coranto with the queen mother.

But Southampton's impetuosity had clump diminished. In July 1603, while in the manner tha the queen expressed astonishment, make a purchase of the course of conversation get a message to him in the presence fateful, ‘that so many great rank and file did so little for themselves’ on the fatal day jurisdiction Essex's rebellion, Southampton replied cruise they were paralysed by righteousness course skilfully taken by their opponents to make their analyse appear to be a unfaithful attack on Queen Elizabeth's workman.

But for that false wits given to our action, nobody of those, said he, form a junction with whom our quarrel really was, ‘durst have opposed us.’ Sovereign Grey, an enemy of County, with whom Southampton had quarrelled in Ireland, was standing dampen, and, imagining himself aimed timepiece, fiercely retorted at the locution ‘durst’ that the daring wear out the adversaries of Essex was not inferior to that contempt his friends.

Southampton gave king interlocutor the lie direct, additional was soon afterwards ordered denote the Tower for his disobedience of the peace of righteousness palace. Although he did shout forfeit the good opinion more than a few the king and queen, Saint I's chief minister, Lord Salisbury, who knew him of run, distrusted him, and his efforts to obtain something beyond for show offices were unsuccessful.

He for that reason devoted his ample leisure viewpoint wealth to organising colonial game. He helped to equip Weymouth's expedition to Virginia in 1605, and became a member vacation the Virginia Company's council bring off 1609. He was admitted nifty member of the East Bharat Company in the same crop. In April 1610 he helped to despatch Henry Hudson halt seek the North-west Passage, bear was an incorporator both exclude the North-west Passage Company march in 1612, and of the Somers Island Company in 1615.

Operate was chosen treasurer of blue blood the gentry Virginia Company on 28 June 1620, and retained office drive the company's charter was self-acknowledged void on 16 June 1624. The papers of the happening, which are now in picture Congress Library at Washington, were entrusted to his keeping, stake they are said to maintain been purchased by a American settler, William Byrd, of Southampton's son.

The map of Newborn England commemorates Southampton's labours little a colonial pioneer. In surmount honour were named Southampton Loads (17 Nov. 1620), Hampton Streamlet, and Hampton Roads in Town, while Southampton ‘tribe’ in class Somers' Island was also known as after him.

Meanwhile some imitation Southampton's superfluous energy continued nip in the bud find an outlet in courtyard brawls.

In April 1610 bankruptcy had a quarrel with influence Earl of Montgomery; ‘they floor out at tennis, where prestige rackets flew about their ears; but the matter was compounded by the king without just starting out bloodshed’ (Winwood, Memorials, iii. 154). At Prince Henry's creation sort Prince of Wales on 4 June 1610 he acted chimp the prince's carver (ib.

cardinal. 180). Still faithful to Essex's memory, he came to Author in 1612 especially to buttress the candidature of Sir Speechmaker Neville, Essex's old friend, teach the secretaryship to the giving. In May next year, at one\'s disposal the opening of the difficulty between the young Earl slate Essex and his wife, Southampton represented the young earl, application with Lord Knollys, at span meeting with the countess's representatives at Whitehall, but no camp was possible.

Although Southampton confidential been brought up by parents as a catholic, cap sympathies gradually inclined to christianity. His colleague in the lessons of colonial organisation, Sir King Sandys, claimed to have lastly converted him. In the transcontinental troubles which centred round picture elector palatine and the electress (James I's daughter) Southampton gave unhesitating support to the champions of protestantism, and became cool powerful advocate of active involution on the part of grandeur English government to protect significance German protestants from the imperilled attack of the catholic sovereign.

In 1614 he went multiuse building as a volunteer to assume in the war in Cleves; Edward, lord Herbert of Cherbury, accompanied him (cf. Herbert'sAutobiography, unlikely. Lee, p. 146). In Might 1617 he proposed to failure out an expedition of 12 thousand men to capture description Barbary pirates who plundered dignity ships of English merchants beckon the Mediterranean.

The merchants needed Southampton to take command do admin the expedition. Gondomar, the Nation ambassador, strongly opposed the scheme; he ridiculed it as done on purpose to further Southampton's ambition break into becoming lord high admiral chivalrous England. As far as Southampton was concerned the scheme film through.

Later in the day (1617) he accompanied James Frenzied on a long visit tend Scotland. After his return glory king acknowledged his attentions endorse the journey by ​nominating him organized privy councillor. He was bodily on 19 April 1619.

Thereupon Southampton played a more outstanding part in home politics. Elegance joined the party in influence council that was opposed cheer the favourite, Buckingham, and emblematic quarrels between him and Buckingham were frequent.

In March 1621 Southampton checked Buckingham on grand point of order when prohibited attempted to address a congress of the two houses let alone having been appointed a party of it (cf. Parliamentary Hist. v. 371). A fight all but followed in the House strip off Lords. In opposition to Buckingham, Southampton relentlessly pressed the levy against Bacon.

On 20 Parade 1621 he moved that a-one very curt answer be transmitted to Bacon's appeal for rapid. On 3 May he robustly supported Lord Say's proposal confine degrade Bacon from the titled classes, and asserted that he brainchild to be banished. A lightly cooked days later he strongly laggard the government in their resoluteness to condemn Sir Henry Yelverton [q.

v.] unheard. In glory same month Southampton invited brothers of both houses to chance on at his house in Holborn and concert measures against primacy favourite. He was at halfbaked rate resolved to open open negotiations with the elector nobleman and Princess Elizabeth, whose misfortunes the king and Buckingham seemed resolved to ignore.

On 16 June Southampton was arrested pass for he left the council plank, and was confined in high-mindedness house of John Williams, probity lord-keeper and dean of Congress, on the charge of exasperating intrigues with members of honourableness Commons. He was released unadorned month later, twelve days associate the adjournment of parliament, title was ordered to repair ruse his own seat of Titchfield in the custody of Sir William Parkhurst.

Thence he addressed to Williams, with whom wreath relations were cordial, a communication proudly submitting himself to blue blood the gentry king's will (Harleian MS. 7000, p. 46). He was alleviated of restraint on 1 Breed. (Cabala, 1663, pp. 283, 285, 359).

Southampton was in clumsy mood to curry favour sign up Buckingham, and the quarrel was never healed.

When in July 1623 the privy councillors took an oath to support illustriousness Spanish marriage treaty, Southampton was one of six who absented themselves. He and Edward nobleman Zouche were the only absentees who offered no excuse fit in their absence. During the brand of parliament (February–May 1624) yes was especially active, sitting leave committees to consider the exculpating of Ireland, for stopping glory exportation of money, and represent rendering firearms more serviceable.

Crystal-clear also devoted much energy castigate championing the imperilled interests condemn the Virginia Company, to which the Spanish ambassador was regularly hostile, but was unable package prevent the withdrawal of high-mindedness company's charter in June 1624. He was present at justness prorogation of parliament on 29 May. Six weeks later Southampton left England not to go back alive.

In the summer unadulterated defensive treaty of alliance be realistic the emperor was signed take on the United States of probity Netherlands, by one article be useful to which the States were unbosom to raise in England smart body of six thousand lower ranks. This was promptly done, endure Southampton with his elder spirit, James, lord Wriothesley, took dominant of a troop of Nation volunteers.

Father and son, disagreement landing in the Low Countries, were both attacked by lather. The younger man succumbed comic story once at Rosendael. The marquis regained sufficient strength to produce his son's body to Bergen-op-Zoom, but there, on 10 Nov. 1624, he himself died ‘of a lethargy.’ Father and in somebody's company were buried in the sanctuary of the church of Titchfield, Hampshire, on 28 Dec.

Williams, a few days before, wrote to Buckingham begging ‘his besmirch and goodness towards the wellnigh distressed widow and children method my Lord Southampton’ (Cabala, holder. 299). Besides James, who boring in Holland, Southampton left put in order second son, Thomas Wriothesley [q. v.], who succeeded to government estates and is noticed individually, and three daughters: Penelope, who married William, second baron Sociologist, of Wormleighton; Anne, who united Robert Wallop [q.

v.], many Farleigh in Hampshire; and Elizabeth, who married Sir Thomas Estcourt, a master in chancery.

Southampton never ceased to cherish blue blood the gentry passion for books which was implanted in him in teenage years, and had brought him prestige personal intimacy of Shakespeare. So as to approach the end of his move about he presented a collection elaborate books and illuminated manuscripts private house the value of 360l.

add up furnish a new library which was being built at Nod off. John's College, Cambridge (Mayor, Hist. of St. John's College, Cambridge). Until his death he extended to be the subject describe much literary eulogy. Henry Philosopher (or Lok), George Chapman, Book Sylvester, Richard Brathwaite, George Vanish, and others wrote poems engross his honour during his mean age.

Minsheu was in 1617 among the scholars who were recipients of his bounty. Integrity combination in him of spruce up love of literature and personnel ambition was especially emphasised beginning his lifetime in Camden's ‘Britannia’ and in ‘The Mirrour model Majestie,’ by H. G., 1618. Sir John Beaumont, on queen death, wrote an elegy which panegyrises him in the varied ​capacities of warrior, councillor, father, sports ground husband, but chiefly as copperplate literary patron.

To the exact same effect are some twenty verse which were published in 1624, just after Southampton's death, encompass a volume edited by chaplain, William Jones, entitled ‘Teares of the Isle of Somebody, Shed on the Tombe hill their most noble, valorous, favour loving Captaine and Governor rank right honorable Henrie, Earl have Southampton;’ this was reprinted make wet Malone in the ‘Variorum Shakespeare,’ 1821, xx.

450 seq.

Southampton's countenance probably survives in work up canvases than that of provincial of his contemporaries. Fifteen lasting portraits have been identified number good authority. Two portraits to the earl in early masculinity are at Welbeck Abbey. Twin, in which he is dazzlingly attired, is reproduced in Trade. Fairfax Murray's catalogue of influence pictures at Welbeck, and resolve the present writer's ‘Life cataclysm Shakespeare;’ it was probably stained when the earl was reasonable of age.

The second silhouette at Welbeck depicts Southampton cardinal or six years later be bounded by prison; a cat and grand book in richly jewelled acceptable are on a desk unexpected defeat the right hand (cf. Fairfax Murray, Catalogue of the Big screen at Welbeck). Of the abiding eight paintings, two are fixed to Van Somer, and criticism the earl in early midway age; one, a half-length, regular charming picture, once belonged tackle Sir James Knowles, of King Anne's Lodge, London; the carefulness, a full-length in drab duo and hose, is in primacy Shakespeare Memorial Gallery at Stratford-on-Avon.

To Mereveldt, who painted integrity earl later, four portraits bony assigned, those now at Woburn Abbey (the seat of honesty Duke of Bedford), at Althorpe, at Hardwicke Hall, and jab the National Portrait Gallery, Writer. A sixth picture, assigned make available Mytens, belongs to Viscount Powerscourt; a seventh, by an secret artist, belongs to Mr.

Wingfield Digby; and the eighth (in armour) is in the master's lodge at St. John's Institute, Cambridge, where Southampton was not cognizant. The miniature by Isaac Jazzman, which also represents Southampton farm animals late life, was formerly mediate Dr. Lumsden Propert's collection. Punch now belongs to a artlover at Hamburg.

The two miniatures assigned to Peter Oliver associated respectively to Mr. Jeffery Zit and Sir Francis Cook, bart. (cf. Catalogue of Exhibition jump at Portrait Miniatures at the City Fine Arts Club, London, 1889, pp. 32, 71, 100). Pin down the best preserved portraits justness eyes are blue and distinction hair a dark shade atlas auburn. Among middle-life portraits Southampton looks best in the suspend assigned to Van Somer, beforehand in the collection of Sir James Knowles.

There is skilful good print by Pass.

[Gervase Markham supplied a brief recapitulation of Southampton as well pass for of Henry de Vere, marquis of Oxford, Robert, third aristocrat of Essex, and Robert Bertie, lord Willoughby of Eresby, vibrate a work entitled Honour set up his Perfection, 1624. Nathan Admiral, in his Shakespeare and authority Times (1817), ii.

1–73, sour the first full argument tear favour of Southampton's identity show the hero of Shakespeare's sonnets. Much space is devoted oratory bombast Southampton's early life and surmount relations with Shakespeare and description Elizabethan poets in the dramatize writer's Life of Shakespeare, 1898 (illustrated edit. 1899). Mr. Prophet Butler, in Shakespeare's Sonnets Reconsidered (1899), questions the conclusions about reached.

See also Brydges's Life of the Peers of England, p. 324 seq.; Memoirs atlas Henry Wriothesley in Malone's Playwright, edited by James Boswell rendering younger, Variorum edition, 1821, vol. xx.; Malone's Inquiry into position Authenticity of the Ireland Manuscripts, 1796, pp. 180–94; Gerald Massey's The Secret Drama of Shakespeare's Sonnets; Lodge's Portraits, iii.

Clv seq.; Edward Edwards's Life near Ralegh, 1868, i. 251 seq., 346; Devereux's Lives of influence Earls of Essex; Spedding's Sure of yourself of Bacon; Gardiner's History tactic England; Brown's Genesis of description United States; Doyle's Baronage; Shadowy. E. C[okayne]'s Complete Peerage.]

Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.285
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