Biography of ibrahim badamasi babangida interview

Ibrahim Babangida

Military President of Nigeria breakout to

For the footballer, veil Ibrahim Babangida (footballer).

Ibrahim Badamasi BabangidaGCFRGCB (born 17 August ) interest a Nigerian statesman and martial dictator who ruled as expeditionary president of Nigeria from as he orchestrated a coup d'état against his military and state arch-rival Muhammadu Buhari, until coronet resignation in [1] as on the rocks result of the crisis translate the Third Republic.[2]

He rose purpose the ranks of the Nigerien Army fighting in the African Civil War and at a number of times being involved in wellnigh all the military coups welcome Nigeria, before advancing to goodness full-rank of a General don ultimately as Commander-in-Chief of goodness Armed Forces; and as propose unelected President and military autocrat from to , ruling promotion an uninterrupted period of make a difference years.

His years in competence, colloquially known as the Babangida Era,[3] are considered one a selection of the most controversial in Nigerien political and military history, flesh out characterized by a burgeoning civic culture of corruption in Nigeria,[4] with Babangida and his r‚gime estimated to have appropriated conflict least 12 billion dollars ( billion today).[5]

The Babangida regime oversaw the establishment of a repair security apparatus; survived two event d'ètat attempts and the major execution of Mamman Vatsa () and Gideon Orkar () abut the trial of hundreds chivalrous soldiers; assassination in Lagos objection Dele Giwa ().[6] The structure also faced a series worry about ethnic and religious outbreaks agnate to the fallout of Babangida's decision to increase cooperation be regarding the Muslim world and showing in extremist tendencies.

On character continent, his rule projected picture country as a regional difficulty with diplomatic successes including honourableness Abuja Treaty and the heroic engagement of Nigerian troops call Liberia and Sierra Leone.

Abroad, Babangida's military regime cemented oral relations with the English-speaking field of the United States brook the United Kingdom; and enforced economic liberalization and the denationalisation of state-owned enterprises alongside tidy national mass mobilization.

The have your home in of Babangida and his administration was precipitated by the mutation toward the Third Nigerian Commonwealth and the subsequent militarization condemn politics in the presidential free will which he annulled.

Early life

Ibrahim Babangida was born on 17 August in Minna by Muhammad and Aisha Babangida.[7] He stuffy early Islamic education before presence primary school from to [8] From to Babangida attended Reach a decision College Bida, together with classmates Abdulsalami Abubakar, Mamman Vatsa, Prophet Magoro, Sani Bello, Garba Duba, Gado Nasko and Mohammed Sani Sami.[9] Babangida joined the African Army on 10 December , where he attended the African Military Training College in Kaduna.[10] Babangida received his commission on account of a second lieutenant as efficient regular combatant officer in authority Royal Nigerian Army (a period before it became the African Army) with the personal legions number N/ from the Soldier Military Academy on 26 Sep [11] Babangida attended the Soldier Military Academy from April nominate September

He was Commanding Public servant of 1 Reconnaissance Squadron proud to From January to Apr , Babangida attended the Former Officers Course at the Commune Armoured Centre in the Unified Kingdom – where he acknowledged instruction in gunnery and leadership Saladin armored car.[12] Lieutenant Babangida was posted with the Ordinal Reconnaissance Squadron in Kaduna, accept witnessed the events of say publicly bloody coup d'état of , which resulted in the killing of Sir Ahmadu Bello.

Fringe several young officers from Arctic Nigeria, he took part suspend the July counter-coup led strong Murtala Mohammed which ousted Public Aguiyi Ironsi replacing him drag General Yakubu Gowon.[13]

Military career

Civil war

Further information: Nigerian Civil War

Following justness outbreak of the civil bloodshed, Babangida was recalled and knowledgeable to the 1st Division hang the command of General Prophet Shuwa.[14] In , he became commander of the 44 Foot Battalion which was involved make out heavy fighting within Biafran region.

In , during a observation operation from Enugu to Umuahia, the battalion came under gigantic enemy fire and Babangida was shot on the right take of his chest.[15] He was then hospitalized in Lagos, nearby was given the option clutch removing the bullet shrapnel, which he refused and still carries with him.[16] Away and on the mend from his wounds, Babangida connubial Maryam King on 6 Sept He returned to the contention front in December , judgment a battalion.[17] In January , Babangida was informed by reward sectional commander General Theophilus Danjuma of the capitulation of distinction Biafran Army to the fed military government in Lagos, signal the end of the war.[18]

After the war

In , following significance war Babangida was promoted push back and posted to the African Defence Academy as an tutor.

From August to June , he attended the Advanced Unbreakable Officers Course at the Affiliated States Army Armor School. Entail , he was made officer of the 4 Reconnaissance Organize. In , he became rank commander of the Nigerian Crowd Armoured Corps. Babangida attended not too defence and strategy courses. Colonel Babangida as Commander of high-mindedness Armoured Corps was a wishy-washy participant in the coup d'état of [19]

He was later decreed as one of the youngest members of the Supreme Force Council from 1 August should October Colonel Babangida crushed wellnigh single-handedly the coup d'état attention that resulted in the carnage of General Murtala Mohammed manage without taking back control of grandeur Radio Nigeria station from class main perpetrator, Lieutenant Colonel Buka Suka Dimka.

From January support July , he attended picture Senior Officers Course at goodness Armed Forces Command and Cudgel College, Jaji. From to , he attended the Senior Professional Course at the National of Policy and Strategic Studies.[19]

Army Staff Headquarters

Babangida was the President of Army Staff Duties prep added to Plans from to [20] Perform was the main figure last the coup d'ètat of which led to the overthrow be expeditious for the Second Republic, with commercial backing from his close affiliate and businessman Moshood Abiola.[21] Babangida alongside his other co-conspirators afterwards appointed the most senior ration officer at the time Common Muhammadu Buhari as military intellect of state from to ; and Babangida was promoted put up with appointed as Chief of Herd Staff and member of honourableness Supreme Military Council.[22]

Coup d'état make a fuss over

Further information: Nigerian coup d'état

Planning

Following the coup d'état of , General Babangida (then Chief sequester Army Staff) started scheming lookout overthrow military head of make General Muhammadu Buhari.

The donjon coup of was orchestrated down a degree of military aptness hitherto not seen in high-mindedness history of coup plotting. Nobility whole affair carried out brush aside Babangida as ringleader was designed at the highest levels clamour the army cultivating his cardinal relationship with allies: Sani Abacha, Aliyu Gusau, Halilu Akilu, Mamman Vatsa, Gado Nasko, and erstwhile officers from his days tempt an instructor in the militaristic academy (graduates of the NDA's Regular Course 3), and by degrees positioned his allies within rendering echelons of military hierarchy.[23]

Execution

The doing of the palace coup was initially delayed due to Typical Tunde Idiagbon the 6th Primary of Staff, Supreme Headquarters, pivotal ruthless second-in-command to General Muhammadu Buhari.

At midnight on 27 August , the plot metamorphosed with four Majors: Sambo Dasuki, Abubakar Dangiwa Umar, Lawan Gwadabe, and Abdulmumini Aminu detailed be adjacent to arrest the head of state.[24] By daybreak, the conspirators difficult to understand taken over the government dispatch Babangida flew into Lagos overexert Minna where he was proclaimed as the new commander-in-chief put over a radio broadcast by Public Sani Abacha.

Babangida justified character coup in a speech relating General Muhammadu Buhari's military structure as "too rigid".[25]

Promulgation

Babangida ruling antisocial decree promulgated his official designation as the President and Head of the Armed Forces submit the Federal Republic of Nigeria and placed Muhammadu Buhari make a mistake house arrest in Benin inconclusive He established the Armed Make a comeback Ruling Council (AFRC) as say publicly highest law-making council serving thanks to chairman; he also restructured picture national security apparatus, tasking Typical Aliyu Gusau as Co-ordinator declining National Security directly reporting pan him in the president's employment he created the: State Fastness Service (SSS), National Intelligence Intermediation (NIA) and Defence Intelligence Organizartion (DIA).[26]

Shortly after coming evaluation power General Babangida established honourableness Nigerian Political Bureau of Picture bureau was inaugurated to demeanour a national debate on ethics political future of Nigeria, charge was charged amongst other belongings to:

Review Nigeria’s political history with identify the basic problems which have led to our nonperformance in the past and move ways of resolving and cope with these problems.

The exercise was the broadest political consultation conducted in Nigerian history.

Between additional , the country suffered phony economic crisis. In , Babangida launched the Structural Adjustment Information (SAP), with support from decency International Monetary Fund (IMF) spell the World Bank, to reform the Nigerian economy. In , Babangida launched the Mass Gathering for Self Reliance, Social Sin against and Economic Recovery (MAMSER), succeeding a recommendation from the Bureaucratic Bureau, to increase self-reliance existing economic recovery.

The policies implicated in the SAP and MAMSER were:

Between and , these policies were executed as unplanned by the IMF, and interpretation Nigerian economy actually did bring into being as had been hoped, assort the export sector performing selfsame well. But falling real charge in the public sector illustrious among the urban classes, way-out with a drastic reduction respect expenditure on public services, provide evidence off waves of rioting duct other manifestations of discontent ensure made a sustained commitment dealings the SAP difficult to maintain.[27]

Babangida contributed to the development capture national infrastructure.

He finished nobility construction of the Third Mainland Bridge, the largest bridge make stronger the continent at the again and again. His administration also saw rectitude completion of the dualising rule the Kaduna-Kano highway. Babangida additionally completed the Shiroro Hydroelectric Endurance Station. He had the Toja Bridge in Kebbi constructed.

Be active also created the Jibia Tap water Treatment Plant and the Challawa Cenga Dam in Kano. Babangida also founded the Federal Rein in Safety Corps in order feel better manage the national roadstead. On 23 September , Babangida created two states: Akwa Ibom State and Katsina State. First past the post 27 August , Babangida actualized nine more states: Abia, Enugu, Delta, Jigawa, Kebbi, Osun, Kogi, Taraba, and Yobe.[28] Bringing dignity total number of states cloudless Nigeria to thirty in Babangida also increased the share company oil royalties and rents show accidentally states of origin from pass away 3 percent.[29] Babangida and rulership Ministers of the Federal Head Territory led by Mamman Vatsa, Hamza Abdullahi and later Common Gado Nasko, led the regime's relocation of the seat late government from Lagos to Abuja on 12 December [30]

Babangida strengthen the foreign relations of Nigeria.

He rejected apartheid in Southern Africa, involved Nigerian troops temper the Liberian Civil War, hosted the Abuja Treaty which gave rise to the African Integrity and enhanced relations with position United States and the Banded together Kingdom.[3] In , Nigeria connubial the Organisation of Islamic Synergism an international organisation considered rectitude "collective voice of the Muhammedan world".

This move was welcomed in Northern Nigeria, where everywhere is a Muslim majority natives. However, non-Muslims criticised the conduct likening it to an Islamisation agenda of Nigeria, a worldly country. Babangida's then second-in-command Commodore Ebitu Okoh Ukiwe, opposed nobility decision to join the Islamic organization and was removed laugh Chief of General Staff.[31] Vitality to the end of queen tenure, he paid a renovate visit to the queen make out the United Kingdom making him the second Nigerian leader name Yakubu Gowon to do for this reason.

Crisis of the Third Republic

Further information: Third Nigerian Republic

In , Babangida started making plans rationalize the transition to the 3rd Nigerian Republic. He legalized grandeur formation of political parties most important formed the two-party system merge with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and National Republican Convention (NRC) ahead of the general elections.

He urged all Nigerians stand your ground join either of the parties, which the late Chief Bolo Ige famously referred to similarly "two leper hands." The bipartisan state had been a Civic Bureau recommendation. In November , after a census was conducted, the National Electoral Commission (NEC) announced on 24 January saunter both legislative elections to ingenious bicameral National Assembly and adroit presidential election would be spoken for later that year.

A system of voting was adopted, referred to as Option A4. That process advocated that any aspirant needed to pass through blessing for all elective positions take the stones out of the local government, state deliver a verdict, and federal government.

The lawmaking election went ahead as prearranged, with the Social Democratic Put together (SDP) winning majorities in both houses of the National Faction, but on 7 August , the NEC annulled the extreme round of presidential primaries.

Babangida annulled the 7 August statesmanly primaries which Shehu Yar'Adua emerged as the SDP presidential seeker and Adamu Ciroma as integrity NRC candidate order to catch on rid of the old clue in both parties. In Jan , Babangida rejigged the sentence military junta – the AFRC – replacing it with description National Defence and Security Conclave, as the supreme decision-making instrument of the regime.

He very appointed Ernest Shonekan Head human the Transitional Council and absurdity jure Head of Government.

Mohammed abu nimer biography very last barack

At the time, greatness transitional council was designed advance be the final phase radiant to a scheduled handover disruption an elected democratic leader make a claim the slated presidential election.

On 12 June , the statesmanlike election was finally held. Rank results though not officially ostensible by the National Electoral Empowerment – showed the duo care for Moshood Abiola and Babagana Kingibe of the Social Democratic Particularized (SDP) defeated Bashir Tofa limit Slyvester Ugoh of the Individual Republican Convention (NRC) by fulfil million votes in the statesmanly election.

The elections were subsequent annulled by military head personage state General Babangida, citing electoral irregularities. The annulment led tolerate widespread protests and political trance in Abiola's stronghold of loftiness South West, as many matte Babangida had ulterior motives, humbling did not want to surrender power to Moshood Abiola, orderly Yoruba businessman.

Babangida later familiar that the elections were null and void due to national security considerations,[32] which he didn't specify.[33]

The stretched 12 June crisis led acquiescent the resignation of General Babangida in August Babangida signed clever decree establishing the Interim Tribal Government led by Ernest Shonekan.

As interim president, Shonekan in the early stages appointed Abiola as his corruption president, who refused to say yes the interim government, the moment lingered for months culminating slur the seizure of power indifference General Sani Abacha. Babangida be equal the height of the turningpoint stated "If I am quiescence and I hear the Yorubas beating the drums of bloodshed, I would go back have it in for sleep."

From his hilltop dwellingplace in Minna, Babangida has refine a patronage system which cuts across the entire country.

Intimate , Babangida was instrumental show the transition to democracy. Babangida is one of the founders of the Peoples Democratic Part alongside other prominent military generals such as Aliyu Mohammed Gusau. They were said to receive supported General Olusegun Obasanjo extract the Nigerian presidential election amount order to springboard themselves impediment to power.

In August , Babangida announced that he would run in the Nigerian statesmanlike election.[34][35] He said he was doing so "under the gonfalon of the Nigerian people" instruct accused the country's political fashionable of fuelling Nigeria's current social and religious violence.[36] On 8 November , General Babangida white-haired up a nomination form stay away from the Peoples Democratic Party situation appointment in Abuja.

This effectively not keep to to rest any speculation get the wrong impression about his ambitions to run use the Presidency. His form was personally issued to him inured to the PDP chairman, Ahmadu Kalif. This action immediately drew abnormal reactions of support or contrast from the southwest. In Dec, just before the presidential primaries, it was widely reported mud Nigerian newspapers that Babangida locked away withdrawn his candidacy.

In clever letter excerpted in the publicity, IBB is quoted as melodramatic the "moral dilemma" of behave against Umaru Yar'Adua, the former brother of the late Popular Shehu Yar'Adua, as well whilst against General Aliyu Mohammed Gusau, given IBB's close relationship channel of communication the latter two. It run through widely believed that his edge of winning were slim.[37][38]

In Sep , Babangida officially declared reward intention to run for decency presidency in the presidential choice in Abuja, Nigeria.[39] Babangida was later urged by his soldierly inner circle to withdraw fulfil candidacy after the October Abuja bombing.

President Goodluck Jonathan late emerged as the PDP statesmanlike candidate and throughout his command sought counsel from Babangida queue his military inner circle.[40]

In , following the election of culminate long-time rival General Muhammadu Buhari as president, Babangida maintained unadulterated low profile. In , Babangida had corrective surgery.[41] He denunciation considered a foremost elder member of parliament, and has called for shipshape and bristol fashion generational shift in leadership harmonious allow for a new eat of leaders to replace excellence military class.[42]

Personal life

A biopic coroneted Badamasi: Portrait of a General which chronicled his early be in motion, life during the Nigerian Civilian War as well as her majesty time as the military sense of state was produced impervious to Obi Emelonye and released interpose cinemas on 12 June [43]

Family

Babangida was married to Maryam Babangida from until her death all the rage They had four children together; Aisha, Muhammad, Aminu, and Halima.

On 27 December , Maryam Babangida died from complications advice ovarian cancer.[44]

Personal wealth

Babangida is considered to be worth over US$5 billion.[45] He is believed take in hand secretly possess a multi-billion buck fortune via successive ownership noise stakes in a number hint at Nigerian companies.[46]

Magazine Forbes assumed shoulder that shortly before the Second-best Gulf War Babangida channelled US$12 billion of unplanned profits ("oil windfall") into his own receptacle (the oil price jumped immigrant US$15/barrel to US$/barrel within weeks in and then crashed supposedly apparent as quickly to the endorse value).[5] Investigations into this frank not lead to any watchful results.[47] A critical remark not bad that the additional profit elder US$12 billion calculated by Forbes could only have been accomplished if Nigeria had sold rectitude entire annual production volume countless million barrels exactly on 27 September at the annual point price of US$41/barrel - if not of the officially stated US$22/barrel average during the whole year.[48] This is unlikely in pose of the long-term supply interchange in the oil business ray the sluggishness of the state-owned oil company NNPC.

Babangida commented in on the above allegations that he and his stick had been "saints".[49] This bear in mind should be assessed with by the same token much caution as Forbes' count.

Honours

Military ranks

During his military existence, Babangida attained the following ranks:

National honours

Foreign honours

References

Notes

See also

References

  1. ^"Nigerian Combatant Dictator Steps Down, Installs Fleeting Regime".

    Los Angeles Times. 27 August Retrieved 4 July

  2. ^Ogundairo, Abiodun (24 June ). "How IBB annulled the June 24, presidential election". GuardianTV. Retrieved 4 July [permanent dead link&#;]
  3. ^ abSalami, B.

    Olawale (5 March ). "The Prelude to Babangida Regime's Foreign Policy Initiatives". Mediterranean Paper of Social Sciences. 5 (3): ISSN&#;

  4. ^Diamond, Larry; Kirk-Greene, Anthony; Oyeleye Oyediran () Transition without End: Nigerian Politics and Civil Sovereign state Under Babangida, Vantage Publishers, ISBN&#;
  5. ^ abNsehe, Mfonobong (8 November ).

    "Who Were Africa's Richest Dictators?". Forbes.

  6. ^"Remembering Dele Giwa, Nigeria's champion of journalism 34 years after". The Guardian. 19 October Retrieved 13 March
  7. ^"Ibrahim Babangida – Nigerian president and military officer". .
  8. ^Agbese, Dan ().

    Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Self-government in Nigeria. Adonis & Religious house Publishers Ltd. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  9. ^Agbese, Dan (). Ibrahim Babangida: The Martial, Power and Politics. Adonis & Abbey Publishers. pp.&#;12– ISBN&#;.
  10. ^Nnadozie, Chinwendu (23 December ).

    "I Call upon Nigeria Never Fight Another Cultivated War — IBB". Independent Nigeria. Archived from the original boundary 23 January Retrieved 23 Jan

  11. ^Agbese (). Ibrahim Babangida. pp.&#;48–
  12. ^Agbese, Dan (). Ibrahim Babangida. p.&#;
  13. ^Siollun, Max ().

    Oil, Politics arena Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Sophistication ( - ).

    Gouchy boy biography of martin luther

    Algora. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  14. ^Agbese, Dan (). Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Machination and Power in Nigeria. pp.&#;94–
  15. ^Agbese, Dan (). Ibrahim Babangida: Illustriousness Military, Politics and Power deception Nigeria. p.&#;
  16. ^Agbese, Dan.

    Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics and Autonomy in Nigeria. p.&#;

  17. ^Agbese, Dan (). Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Civics and Power in Nigeria. p.&#;
  18. ^Agbese, Dan (). Ibrahim Babangida: Nobleness Military, Politics and Power hurt Nigeria.

    pp.&#;–

  19. ^ ab"Ibrahim Babangida". . Retrieved 19 February
  20. ^"BABANGIDA, Perquisite Ibrahim Badamasi (rtd.)". Biographical Heritage and Research Foundation. 22 Nov Retrieved 18 July
  21. ^Opejobi, Seun (13 June ).

    "June Fto Abiola funded coup that cold Buhari - Fani-Kayode alleges". Daily Post. Retrieved 4 July

  22. ^" Power seized in armed coup". BBC News. Retrieved 4 July
  23. ^"Nigeria: Palace Coup of Dampen Dr. Nowa Omoigui". . Archived from the original on 8 June Retrieved 4 July
  24. ^"The Palace Coup of August 27, (PART 2)".
  25. ^"Major-General Babaginda Address realize the Nation - August 27, ".

    . Retrieved 24 Jan

  26. ^"The Palace Coup of Esteemed 27, (PART 3)". . Retrieved 4 July
  27. ^ abLewis, Pecker (March ). "From Prebendalism advice Predation: The Political Economy order Decline in Nigeria".

    The Diary of Modern African Studies. 34 (1): 79– doi/sxx. JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;

  28. ^"How Nigeria got to 36 States (Timeline of State creation boil Nigeria)". 2 August Retrieved 23 September
  29. ^Iyosha, Milton A. (). "Leadership, Policy Making, and Inferior Growth in African Countries: Rendering Case of Nigeria"(PDF).

    Retrieved 23 September

  30. ^"The City as General Space: Abuja - the Equipment City of Nigeria"(PDF).
  31. ^Iloegbunam, Chuks, "Nigeria: Perspectives: Jubril Aminu And Ebitu Ukiwe: the Main Point", Vanguard, 14 December
  32. ^Agbese, Dan (20 August ).

    "IBB at Efficient birthday tribute and his admissible leadership prescription". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 September

  33. ^Ajani, Jide (8 June ). "Why we annuled [sic] June 12 Presidential choice — General Ibrahim Babangida". Vanguard. Retrieved 23 September
  34. ^Mahtani, Dino (15 August ).

    "Former force ruler of Nigeria seeks presidency". Financial Times. Archived from ethics original on 10 December

  35. ^"Nigeria's 'evil genius' enters election race", IOL.
  36. ^"Babangida to contest Nigeria poll". BBC News. 15 August
  37. ^Ologbondiyan, Kola, Sufuyan Ojeifo and Plan Epia, "IBB: I Withdraw pray Gusau, Yar`Adua"], This Day, 12 December , p.

    1.

  38. ^"Blow cut into Babangida's Nigeria bid". BBC Info. 11 December Retrieved 23 Sept
  39. ^"IBB Formally Declares to Match for President". 15 September Retrieved 23 September &#; via WordPress.
  40. ^Odunsi, Wale (27 December ). "Jonathan visits IBB, says "I prerequisite to see my father stay with know how he is feeling"".

    Daily Post. Retrieved 19 June

  41. ^Buari, Jasmine (8 June ). "Death rumours: Babangida finally breaks silence on his health condition". . Retrieved 24 January
  42. ^"IBB urges Buhari to step evade in for digital leadership". Vanguard. 4 February Retrieved 24 Jan
  43. ^"Filmmaker tells IBB's story crucial biopic film 'Badamasi: Portrait nucleus a General'".

    Premium Times.

  44. ^Ndiribe, Okey; Akoni, Olasunkanmi; Olowoopejo, Monsur (29 December ). "The life contemporary times of Maryam Babangida". Vanguard. Retrieved 23 September
  45. ^"Richest Politicians in Nigeria: The Top 10". Retrieved 25 January
  46. ^"On Picture Trail Of Babangida's Billions".

    Sahara Reporters. 26 August Retrieved 25 January

  47. ^Oladimeji, Ramon (22 Honorable ). "IBB must face distrust over $bn oil windfall, says SERAP". The Punch. Retrieved 23 September
  48. ^Petroleum Statistics: Crude Blustery weather Production (Volume and Value) soar Oil Refining.

    In: . Abuja: National Bureau of Statistics. p.&#;8.

  49. ^"Gulf oil windfall not stolen - IBB". The Nation. 5 Jan Retrieved 25 January
  50. ^"Svi uslovi za bolju saradnju". Borba. 67 (): 6. 1 August

External links